The association between diet and acne. The specific protective value derived from the Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence

Aim: To investigate the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and familial dysmetabolisms on acne development. Methods: A community-based case-control study was carried out in Italy enrolling acneic outpatients of a dermatological ambulatory service as cases and clinically healthy acne-free subjects as controls. Food consumption was evaluated with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed by a 10-point Mediterranean diet scale that incorporated the main characteristics of this diet. A logistic regression analysis estimated the variables that predicted the odds of being a case, using those variables that at the univariate analysis yielded a p-value <. 0.25. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) or adjusted OR (AOR). Results: The study included 93 cases (36.6% males, median age 17 years) and 200 controls (32% males, median age 16 years). The Mediterranean Diet Score ≥. 6 revealed a protective effect toward acne (crude OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08-0.64). Logistic regression analysis showed that familial hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and hypertension are strong risk factors for acne (AOR 8.79, 95% CI 1.67-46.22; 3.32, 95% CI 1.27-8.63; and 2.73, 95% CI 1.07-6.96, respectively), while the Mediterranean diet represents a protective factor (score ≥. 6, AOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.89). Conclusions: The odds for familial dysmetabolisms was higher in cases than in controls, confirming their role in determining or maintaining acne. Moreover, this is the first study demonstrating a protective role of the Mediterranean diet in the pathogenesis of acne